![]() ![]() ![]() The chosen moment was at noon on that day, when the telegraph lines transmitted time signals to all major cities. The first was that we had already chosen Greenwich as the basis for our own national time zone system. GMT was then adopted by the United States on November 18th, 1883. The British Royal Observatory at Greenwich was considered the worldwide center for timekeeping and had been since 1675. Nevertheless, time, as shown by the clocks at the Royal Observatory, was not adopted officially by Parliament until August 2nd, 1880. These two solutions would help pave the way for GMT to become the worldwide time standard a little more than a century later. This meant they could calculate their longitude from the Greenwich meridian (also referred to as the “Prime meridian,” or longitude 0°). In 1767, the fifth Astronomer Royal, Nevil Maskelyne brought Greenwich Mean Time to a wider audience by introducing the Nautical Almanac as part of the great 18th-century quest to determine longitude.īritish mariners started keeping at least one chronometer set to GMT. Soon after, John Flamsteed was appointed as the first Astronomer Royal and moved into the new Royal Observatory. Highly acclaimed British architect, Christopher Wren was commissioned to design the domed building. In 1675, King Charles II offered the land to The Royal Society for Britain’s first national observatory. Greenwich was a royal park and palace on a hill to the south of the River Thames east of London, England. It wasn’t until the invention of the pendulum clock in the 1650s that it was possible to work out the relationship between mean (clock) time and solar time.īritish astronomer, John Flamsteed came up with the formula for converting solar time to mean time, and published a set of conversion tables in the early 1670s. GMT was originally set up to aid naval navigation when travel around the globe started to open up with the exploration of the “New World” (America) during the 16th century. It’s a way to standardize time so we can all know exactly what time it is for any location. If you own a sundial for instance, you’re aware that “noon” based on the position of the Sun can differ by as much as plus or minus 15 minutes from what a clock may read.īut each day measured by a clock has the same length, equal to the average (mean) length of a solar day. It differs from solar or astronomical time clock time because solar time varies throughout the year. In essence, “mean time” is what you would read off of a clock. You’ve heard of Daylight Saving Time, Standard Time, Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific Time, but have you heard of the term Greenwich Mean Time, sometimes referred to simply as GMT, or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and wondered what the heck it is? ![]()
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![]() ![]() The primary basis of the court’s decision, however, was that the offense of DWI is not part of the CCJ but instead the state’s Motor Vehicle Act, and therefore it is not subject to the same defenses as criminal cases. It is enough for the state to prove that a person was intoxicated and that they were driving a vehicle, without having to prove that they intended or were reckless about anything. The court noted that the offense of DWI, as defined by New Jersey law, does not specify a required mental state. Hammond, the New Jersey Supreme Court stated definitively that involuntary intoxication is not a defense in DWI cases. Many states include intoxicated manslaughter as a separate offense. This is one of the main differences between the offenses of murder, which requires proof of intent, and manslaughter, which requires proof of recklessness. Kotter.) The key question when a defendant claims involuntary intoxication is whether or not the law requires the state to prove that the defendant had a certain “mental state,” meaning, for example, acting intentionally or recklessly.Ī person who is involuntarily intoxicated might not have the capacity to “intend” to commit a particular crime, but prosecutors might still be able to prove a lesser included offense by showing that the person behaved recklessly. New Jersey courts have held in criminal prosecutions that involuntary intoxication is not a defense unless the statute specifically allows it. The New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice (CCJ) defines “pathological intoxication” as being “grossly excessive in degree, given the amount of the intoxicant, to which the actor does not know he is susceptible.” It is considered a type of “involuntary intoxication,” which New Jersey law contrasts with “self-induced intoxication.” To understand why New Jersey courts do not allow pathological or involuntary intoxication as a defense in DWI cases, it is important to know how an involuntary intoxication defense affects criminal cases. This is known as “ pathological intoxication,” but while it might seem like a person in this situation lacks the same level of culpability as in other cases, New Jersey law does not allow it as a defense in DWI cases. ![]() In one recent DWI case in New Jersey, a defendant claimed that, at the time of her arrest, she was having a reaction to sleeping pills and was not aware that she was driving. ![]() Prosecutors can offer evidence of impairment by several means other than alcohol in driving while intoxicated (DWI) cases, such as illegal drugs, prescription medications, or even certain over-the-counter medications. ![]() ![]() ![]() While this is welcome news for many teachers and educators, other expenses that were already deductible, such as expenses for pens, pencils, and books count toward the same $250 (or $500) limit. The educator expense deduction rules permit these teachers and educators to deduct up to $250 of qualifying expenses per year ($500 if married filing jointly and both spouses are eligible educators, but not more than $250 each). ![]() ![]() Eligible educators include any individual who is a kindergarten through grade 12 teacher, instructor, counselor, principal, or aide in a school for at least 900 hours during a school year. “Eligible educators” can deduct unreimbursed expenses for COVID-19 protective items paid or incurred after March 12, 2020. Other items recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to be used for the prevention of the spread of COVID-19. ![]() Tape, paint, or chalk used to guide social distancing.Revenue Procedure 2021-15 provides that deductible “COVID-19 protective items” include, but are not limited to, the following: On February 4, 2021, the IRS released Revenue Procedure 2021-15, which provides guidance on this new tax relief. Under the COVID-Related Tax Relief Act, passed as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (“CAA”), teachers and other educators can now deduct out-of-pocket expenses for COVID-19 protective items on their individual tax returns. While not a dollar for dollar deduction for your overall union dues, this deduction will offset your taxable income if you itemize your New York state income taxes.Ĭonsult with your personal tax preparer to confirm your own situation.As the costs of school supplies rise, and teachers and other educators consider how to keep students safe during the COVID-19 pandemic, the government is providing some relief. State tax deduction for your union duesĪs a result of legislation championed by NYSUT, the state AFL-CIO and unions across the state, which was passed and signed into law in April 2017, union members in New York can deduct their union dues from their state income taxes if they itemize. An expense doesn’t have to be required to be considered necessary.įor further information, consult your tax preparer and/or IRS Publication 17, Your Federal Income Tax for Indviduals. A necessary expense is one that is helpful and appropriate for your profession as an educator. For professional development courses you have taken related to the curriculum you teach or to the students you teach.Īn ordinary expense is one that is common and accepted in your educational field.In connection with books, supplies, equipment (including computer equipment, software, and services), and other materials used in the classroom.Qualified expenses include ordinary and necessary expenses paid: However, neither spouse can deduct more than $250 of his or her qualified expenses.Īn eligible educator is a K-12 teacher, instructor, counselor, principal, or aide who worked at least 900 hours in a school that provides elementary or secondary education as determined by state law. If you and your spouse are filing jointly and both of you were eligible educators, the maximum deduction is $500. Educator expense tax deduction renewed for 2020 tax returnsĮligible educators can deduct up to $250 of qualified expenses you paid in 2020. A reminder for tax season: Thanks to union victories, the educator expense tax deduction has been renewed for 2020 returns - and there's a state deduction for your union dues, too. ![]() ![]() ![]() Often because it’s not the kind of thing you expect! Improv games that tap into roleplay, storytelling, and drama techniques can be especially effective in this respect. Using games and activities to energize and engage your team is a great way to make meetings more successful and have fun as a group. If you’ve ever seen the TV show Whose Line is it Anyway, you’ve seen a host of comedians improvise – some more successfully than others! The sense of energy, fun, and collaboration is part of all great improv games and you can tap into this when running these exercises with a group. Typical improv exercises include giving participants prompts or rules for acting out a scene or interacting with one another while encouraging everyone to think on their feet and adapt. As facilitators and team leaders, this is something we can and should bring to our meetings and workshops! They are great at breaking down barriers to collaboration and getting groups prepared for more involved tasks and processes. Improv games encourage creativity, quick thinking, and communication skills and are a great tool for breaking the ice, having fun, and building team spirit. ![]() Improv has its roots in schools of acting and comedy, and has often been used to warm-up actors and to build collaborative skills. Improv games are activities designed around participants acting or role-playing a scene spontaneously and without a script. Improv games for getting to know each other. ![]() We recommend giving these improv activities a try the next time you bring your group together and incorporate them into your regular team-building sessions!īringing play into the workplace can do wonders for burnout, happiness, and fatigue, and improv is one of the best and easiest ways to encourage play. Learning to be spontaneous and have fun as a team has benefits beyond any individual workshop or meeting. We’ll also explore some of the core rules of improv you can use to enjoy and benefit from all that these games and activities have to offer. Whether you’re looking to improve team collaboration, energize a group or just build your improv skills, the techniques in this post will give you the tools to run great improv sessions. Working closely with others to create a scene, think creatively, and build something from nothing while also having fun: these are all great skills we should try and develop with the use of improv games! Highers especially) loves the Giant Jenga set! I'm considering making a second tower for team competitions.When it comes to collaboration, there’s a lot we can learn from the world of improv comedy and drama. This makes a great game before small groups or a station during a lock-in. You don't want the tower so high that students can't reach the top when they start stacking. When you're ready to make your blocks, repair the boxes with box tape, then cover them with contact paper. There are, to be sure, Giant Jenga sets to be purchased online but constructing your own set is pretty easy (and waaaaaay cheaper)! Just save a bunch of those long soda boxes you find at the grocery store. When the tower falls, everyone yells, “Jenga!” The table top version of this game is popular enough, but the life-sized version will take it to the next level. Each player must pull a block from the middle somewhere and place it on the top. You know the game! Blocks are stacked 3×3 into a tower. ![]() ![]() ![]() Thanks to research across seven countries, The Greatest Escape is no longer a secret. And yet, of the 106 men who escaped, 100 made it to safety. We follow the escapees on a nail-biting 160-mile journey across the Alps, pursued by German soldiers, ambushed and betrayed. A group of Allied POWs engineer a bold escape from a Nazi camp in World War II. The book uncovers the hidden story of Allied intelligence operations in Slovenia, and shows how Ralph became involved. Steve McQueen and James Garner are the leaders of a. The Greatest Escape, written by Ralph Churches' son Neil, takes us from Ralph and Les's capture in Greece in 1941 and their brutal journey to Maribor, with many POWs dying along the way, to the horror of seeing Russian prisoners starved to death in the camp. An escape-proof Nazi prison camp is no match for resourceful POWs in this classic 1963 World War II drama. The purpose-built camp was opened in April 1942 and the Germans considered it to be practically escape-proof. How these three men came together - along with the partisans - to plan and execute the escape is told here for the first time. The Great Escape, as it came to be known, was a mass escape attempt from the prisoner of war camp Stalag Luft III located near the Polish town of Zagan. The American was on a mission to work with the partisans who moved like ghosts through the Alps, ambushing and evading Nazi forces. The escape was organized not by officers, but by two ordinary soldiers: Australian Ralph Churches (a bank clerk before the war) and Londoner Les Laws (a jazz pianist by profession), with the help of intelligence officer Franklin Lindsay. In August 1944 the most successful POW escape of the Second World War took place - 106 Allied prisoners were freed from a camp in Maribor, in present-day Slovenia. The gripping, vividly told story of the largest POW escape in the Second World War - organized by an Australian bank clerk, a British jazz pianist and an American spy. The mass escape of 76 Allied airmen from a Nazi POW camp in March 1944 remains one of history’s most famous prison breaks. ![]() ![]() How do I make a Buy Now Pay Later payment? To make a full or partial payment simply log into My Account, choose “Make a payment”, select “Pay Buy Now Pay Later” and allocate your payment to the specific Buy Now Pay Later you wish to pay off. Remember if you choose not to pay the cash price before the end of the delayed payment period, any outstanding balance plus a lump sum of compound interest will be charged to your Very account. Making partial payments without clearing the cash price in full will reduce the lump sum of compound interest charged at the end of the delayed payment period. How to avoid paying interest? You can avoid all of the interest by paying the cash price before the end of the delayed payment period, this can be done in one full payment or multiple partial payments. This means you will pay interest on interest. ![]() The interest will be added to your account as a lump sum at the end of the delayed payment period. How is interest calculated? Interest is calculated from date of order and compounded daily. The delayed payment period starts from the date of order (including pre-ordered items and those not ready for immediate dispatch).īuy Now Pay Later for 9 months when you spend £50 or moreīuy Now Pay Later for 12 months when you spend £300 or more ![]() Continued abuse of our services will cause your IP address to be blocked indefinitely.Buy Now Pay Later is an interest bearing option that allows you to delay payments on your purchases for up to 12 months depending on how much you spend. 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Overusing our search engine with a very large number of searches in a very short amount of time.Using a badly configured (or badly written) browser add-on for blocking content.Running a "scraper" or "downloader" program that either does not identify itself or uses fake headers to elude detection.Using a script or add-on that scans GameFAQs for box and screen images (such as an emulator front-end), while overloading our search engine.There is no official GameFAQs app, and we do not support nor have any contact with the makers of these unofficial apps. ![]() Continued use of these apps may cause your IP to be blocked indefinitely. This triggers our anti-spambot measures, which are designed to stop automated systems from flooding the site with traffic. Some unofficial phone apps appear to be using GameFAQs as a back-end, but they do not behave like a real web browser does.Using GameFAQs regularly with these browsers can cause temporary and even permanent IP blocks due to these additional requests. If you are using the Brave browser, or have installed the Ghostery add-on, these programs send extra traffic to our servers for every page on the site that you browse, then send that data back to a third party, essentially spying on your browsing habits.We strongly recommend you stop using this browser until this problem is corrected. The latest version of the Opera browser sends multiple invalid requests to our servers for every page you visit.The most common causes of this issue are: Your IP address has been temporarily blocked due to a large number of HTTP requests. ![]() ![]() ![]() Micro USB to USB cable 3ft from Amazon $4.69.FTDI TTL-232R-RPI Serial to USB cable from Mouser $15. ![]() 24V AC sprinkler transformer (output voltage 22V AC ∼ 30V AC, note that it’s AC, not DC!) $12.00.Hopefully, the savings on water bills justifies the project. OSPi integrates with a weather system and rain sensor, which means no watering when it isn’t required. The OSPi user interface is very intuitive. $ indicates a command executed in a terminal window on the MacBook and usually is being executed on the Raspberry Pi.I’ve attempted to credit every source used.text enclosed in spades, like this ♣replace-this♣ should be replaced with an actual value.At a minimum, I would need to upgrade the Rainbird controller. My house came with a Rainbird ESP-M controller, which is not WiFi enabled and cannot be accessed from the web. In general, I try to water as little as possible, but because it runs in the middle of the night I forget about it. If I water on the wrong day, during the wrong hours (after 10pm and before 7am), or if water runs into the street, then I get a $50 fine. My neighborhood is under severe watering restrictions. I used a MacBook to communicate with the Raspberry Pi, but any computer can be used.įor the last ten years, Central Texas has been in a severe drought. Also, the parts list in the OSpi Manual is not complete. So, I had to take the RPi and OSPi apart, insert the micro SD card. However, once the Raspberry Pi and OSPI are connected, the micro SD slot is not accessible. For example, when following the OSPi User Manual steps, I connected the Raspberry Pi to the OSPI (Step 2) and then many steps later imaged the micro SD card (step 8 = 7 hardware steps plus 1 software step). I changed the order of some OpenSprinkler steps. This is a great source for the latest OpenSprkler documents. The OpenSprinkler v1.4+ User Manual (updated May 31, 2015) is the basis for this document. Use WiFi instead of a wired connection.Add soil sensors (I haven't done this yet – not supported by Open Sprinkler as of publish date).Integrate with weather reports (built in to OpenSprinkler).Add functionality to the irrigation system.Control the irrigation system from the web.Don’t lose any functionality from current Rainbird irrigation system.If you are looking for a first project, do this one. This is the perfect home automation project. This instructable simply documents my progress in Home Automation. OpenSprinkler doesn't need an instructable. ![]() It is an easy and low-cost solution to transform a Raspberry Pi into a capable sprinkler controller with 8 zones for lawn and garden watering. OpenSprinkler Pi (OSPi) is an open-source sprinkler / irrigation extension board for the Raspberry Pi. I updated it JUL2021 to use latest build and newer hardware. ![]() ![]() Sugar Bytes – Drum Computer v1.3.0 0 – TCD (STANDALONE, VSTi, VSTi3, AAX) 400 views.Ableton – Live Suite v11.2.11 400 views.Sonic Academy & Slate Digital – ANA2 Ultra Bundle v2.5.1 – R2R (VSTi, VST3i, AAX) 500 views.Upright Studio Piano Spectral Synthesizer Sample Tools By Cr2 - Nu-Skool Breaks Vol.2 MVPloops - Toothache Soundkit Mixosaurus - Expert Virtual Drums Spitfire Audio - Albion Collection UVI - Urban Suite Dave40 Video DJ PSP MasterQ2 Ableton Projects Umlaut Audio - THOON UVI - Ether Fields The Producer School - FTRSTC Vol.2 Future House & Bounce UVI - Mello dives drum ensembles Synth V-Collection Studio Grand Piano It is necessary to copy the ALL text of the license data from the text file SN.txt! ![]() If there is a black hole in your plugins folder due to the lack of a delay effect, then you will find that Timeless 2 fills it perfectly. Creating new modulation connections couldn’t be easier: just drag and drop them.įabFilter Goodies – Finally, you get all the usual FabFilter goodies: perfectly tuned knobs, MIDI Learn, intelligent parameter interpolation for smooth parameter transitions, extensive help with interactive tooltips, CPU optimization, and more. Easily program your own delays using the well thought out controls and interactive delay and filter displays.Įasy drag-and-drop modulation – Easily adjust ducking, wah and flutter, dynamic diffusion or other creative effects using the unique and versatile Timeless modulation system. ![]() Vintage filters and creative effects – The stereo delay signal passes through five unique effects and up to six analog sound filters before being routed back to the input with adjustable feedback. And with its unique effects, filters, patterns and unlimited modulation possibilities, you can just as easily turn it into the ultimate sound processing machine! The FabFilter Timeless 3 is a versatile vintage-sounding tape delay that will satisfy your everyday needs. Description: From simple echo to cool modulation!įabFilter Timeless 3 is a highly flexible tape delay plug-in with time-stretching, high-quality filters and drag-and-drop modulation. ![]() ![]() ![]() It's also an example of how bad the AL Central has been. It's a testament to the club's pitching and defense. It is, in a way, somewhat remarkable the Guardians have had the league's worst offense, and yet they're 17-20 and only 2.5 games out of first place. ![]() Guardians remain within striking distance of American League Central standings lead despite offensive issues 837 OPS, a major improvement for Cleveland's offensive production at the catcher position compared to previous years. Jose Ramirez has been productive, but he certainly isn't hitting at Jose Ramirez levels, either. Steven Kwan was one of the key reasons the Guardians made a run to October last year, but he hasn't been the same hitter atop the lineup thus far. Myles Straw, who started 2023 on a high note, has fallen back to Earth and crashed through the planet's crust, hitting. He finished sixth in AL MVP voting a year ago. Their numbers since the calendar turned to May are downright R-rated. The Guardians' season-long numbers are rough. And I know the results haven't necessarily been here, but if we stay positive with these guys, stay consistent with that, I believe in them and we're going to come out the other end." Guardians lineup hitting rock bottom in the month of May as Andres Gimenez, Josh Naylor, others slump Nothing's changed from last year to this year, other than some early on results. "I think internally we're going to keep going about our business the same way and stay consistent with our messaging. "We're not going to dig our head in the sand," Valaika said. 325, and three of them are in Cleveland's everyday lineup. Only 16 qualified hitters in the majors have a lower slugging percentage than the Guardians'. Pete Alonso and Max Muncy have combined to hit five more home runs than the Guardians as a team. While the 2022 Guardians also didn't win many games through power, the 2023 deficiencies have been on another level. "I think they know we're all in this together." "I think our hitting, and I've tried to be aware of that, too. "I don't think it takes much sometimes for players to perceive panic, so showing them that you care is certainly important, but showing them that you want to be there with them through this and them through it is equally important," said manager Terry Francona. Guardians on Peacock: Here's how to watch the Sunday's game against the Los Angeles Angels on 'MLB Sunday Leadoff' Of course, tweaks are being made, diversions are being attempted, but they don't want anyone reaching for the life boats, either. Making major, sudden adjustments simply for the sake of changing something can be as detrimental as anything. The messaging from the Guardians has been one of confidence, of staying the course with this group until they can hit their way out of it. And they've been shut out twice in the last week. They've scored two or fewer runs in four consecutive games. Over their last 10 games, the Guardians have scored more than three runs only once - and in that game, they scratched across four. "It's a long season and we weather the storm right now." I think there are different expectations, not just internally but externally, that we have to live up to, and we're going to keep competing. "We can't keep making excuses had the same record last year and things like that. It hasn't been good," said hitting coach Chris Valaika. "We're going to keep grinding away, competing with these guys. The Texas Rangers, while playing fewer games, have scored 101 more runs than the Guardians. ![]() The Guardians are last in the majors in several offensive categories, including wRC+ (72, the only club below 80, which means they've been 28% below league average), slugging percentage (.325), home runs (19, the only club under 24) and runs (126). Guardians ice cold bats: Guardians' brutal offensive stretch continues in shutout loss to Tigers or get frustrated': Guardians offense has reached rock bottom in the league The beginning of the season have been a more extreme version of some of the offensive early season struggles that have plagued the Guardians in the past. The general trend isn't exactly new.īut the batting woes in 2023 are different, especially considering the Guardians' aspirations of defending their American League Central title and returning to the MLB playoffs. Aprils in Cleveland haven't lent themselves to hot starts at times. The lineup has started the season slowly in the past. CLEVELAND - The Guardians' offensive issues are about to reach DEFCON 1. ![]() |
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